<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<feed xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/">
<title>Biological Sciences</title>
<link href="http://drs.nio.org/drs/handle/2264/2" rel="alternate"/>
<subtitle/>
<id>http://drs.nio.org/drs/handle/2264/2</id>
<updated>2017-07-09T18:02:06Z</updated>
<dc:date>2017-07-09T18:02:06Z</dc:date>
<entry>
<title>Biodegradation of crude oil using marine Bacillus species from Vadinar coast, Gujarat, India</title>
<link href="http://drs.nio.org/drs/handle/2264/5105" rel="alternate"/>
<author>
<name>Mulani, N.</name>
</author>
<author>
<name>Fulke, A.B.</name>
</author>
<author>
<name>DeSouza, E.</name>
</author>
<author>
<name>Ram, A.</name>
</author>
<author>
<name>Maloo, A.</name>
</author>
<author>
<name>Sayed, F.</name>
</author>
<author>
<name>Gajbhiye, S.N.</name>
</author>
<id>http://drs.nio.org/drs/handle/2264/5105</id>
<updated>2017-03-01T21:30:24Z</updated>
<published>2017-01-01T00:00:00Z</published>
<summary type="text">Biodegradation of crude oil using marine Bacillus species from Vadinar coast, Gujarat, India
Mulani, N.; Fulke, A.B.; DeSouza, E.; Ram, A.; Maloo, A.; Sayed, F.; Gajbhiye, S.N.
The marine environment is open to large sources of toxic organic waste in the form of accidental oil spills. Therefore, it is important to study microbial degradation processes that help reduce the damage caused to the environment. Universally, oil spills produce enormous public anxiety and highlight the need for costeffective, indigenous and environmentally acceptable bioremediation technologies. In recent times, advanced remedial techniques have been opted, such as solidifying, skimming, controlled burning and bioremediation. The present study aimed to isolate crude oil-degrading marine bacteria from Vadinar coastal area of Gujarat, India. Among seven isolates, three potential bacterial strains were chosen for crude oil and petroleum hydrocarbon (PHC) degradation, which were analysed by UV spectrophotometric and fluorometric analysis. These bacterial cultures were verified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and identified as Bacillus species. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out to confirm the evolutionary relationship with existing oil-degrading species. In the present study, drop collapse, oil spreading and emulsification assay were performed to detect biosurfactant production. Bacillus sp. NM1 KT354277 was capable of degrading 50% of PHCs at the end 72 h for one week under rotary incubation in ONR7a medium. Among the studied strains, Bacillus sp. NM3 KT354278 showed promising lipase activity, viz. 60.72 and 61.19 U ml&lt;sup&gt;–1&lt;/sup&gt; for 2% of olive oil and tributyrin respectively. Thus, the present study explores indigenous marine isolates that could be utilized as a potential alternative for oilspill remediation in future
</summary>
<dc:date>2017-01-01T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>Copepod grazing and their impact on phytoplankton standing stock and production in a tropical coastal water during the different seasons</title>
<link href="http://drs.nio.org/drs/handle/2264/5102" rel="alternate"/>
<author>
<name>Jagadeesan, L.</name>
</author>
<author>
<name>Jyothibabu, R.</name>
</author>
<author>
<name>Arunpandi, N.</name>
</author>
<author>
<name>Parthasarathi, S.</name>
</author>
<id>http://drs.nio.org/drs/handle/2264/5102</id>
<updated>2017-03-01T21:30:19Z</updated>
<published>2017-01-01T00:00:00Z</published>
<summary type="text">Copepod grazing and their impact on phytoplankton standing stock and production in a tropical coastal water during the different seasons
Jagadeesan, L.; Jyothibabu, R.; Arunpandi, N.; Parthasarathi, S.
The grazing rate of copepods on the total and size-fractionated phytoplankton biomass in a coastal environment (off Kochi, southwest coast of India) were measured during pre-monsoon (PRM), peak southwest monsoon (PKSWM), late southwest monsoon (LSWM) and post-southwest monsoon (PSWM). The phytoplankton standing stock (chlorophyll a-Chl. a) and growth rate (GR) were less during the PRM (Chl. a 0.58 mg m&lt;sup&gt;-3&lt;/sup&gt;; GR 0.23 ± 0.02) and PSWM (Chl. a 0.89 mg m&lt;sup&gt;-3&lt;/sup&gt;; GR 0.30 ± 0.05) compared to PKSWM (Chl. a 6.67 mg m&lt;sup&gt;-3&lt;/sup&gt;; GR 0.43 ± 0.02) and LSWM (Chl. a 4.09 mg m&lt;sup&gt;-3&lt;/sup&gt;; GR 0.40 ± 0.04). The microplankton contribution to the total Chl. a was significant during the PKSWM (41.83%) and LSWM (45.72%). Copepod density was lesser during the PRM (1354 No m&lt;sup&gt;-3&lt;/sup&gt;) and PSWM (1606 No m&lt;sup&gt;-3&lt;/sup&gt;) than during PKSWM and LSWM (4571 and 3432 No m&lt;sup&gt;-3&lt;/sup&gt;, respectively). Seasonal changes in phytoplankton biomass, phytoplankton size structure, and copepod community were closely related to the hydrographical transformations in the study domain. Dominant calanoid copepods in the study region ingested 8.4 to 14.2% of their daily ration from phytoplankton during the PRM and PSWM, which increased to &gt;50% during the PKSWM and LSWM. The cyclopoid Oithona similis was abundant during the PKSWM, ingesting only 21% of their daily ration from phytoplankton. Temporal variation in the phytoplankton biomass and copepod species composition caused differences in community level top-down control. The copepod community ingestion on phytoplankton was high during the LSWM (18,583 &amp;#956;g C m&lt;sup&gt;-3&lt;/sup&gt;d&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;), followed by PKSWM (9050 &amp;#956;g C m&lt;sup&gt;-3&lt;/sup&gt;d&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;), PSWM (1813 &amp;#956;g C m&lt;sup&gt;-3&lt;/sup&gt;d&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;), and PRM (946 &amp;#956;g C m&lt;sup&gt;-3&lt;/sup&gt;d&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;). During the low Chl. a period (PRM and PSWM), dominant calanoid copepods showed a positive selectivity for the micro- and nano-phytoplankton size fractions, whereas during the high Chl. a period (PKSWM and LSWM), they showed a positive selection for nano-phytoplankton fractions. Irrespective of the seasons, dominant calanoid copepods showed a negative selection of pico-phytoplankton fraction. The cyclopoid O. similis and Poecilostomatoid Corycaeus danae showed a positive selection of nano- and pico-phytoplankton fractions rather than micro-fraction. The grazing pressure of copepod community ingestion on micro-fraction was less (0.56% of the phytoplankton biomass and 1.06% of the phytoplankton production) during the PKSWM. This study provides, for the first time, clear findings on the seasonal variation in the top-down control of phytoplankton by copepods in a tropical coastal water ecosystem and discusses its implications on phytoplankton blooming, plankton food web, and biogeochemistry
</summary>
<dc:date>2017-01-01T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>Description of two new apseudomorphan Tanaidacea (Crustacea: Malacostraca: Peracarida) from the Kochi Backwaters, India</title>
<link href="http://drs.nio.org/drs/handle/2264/5098" rel="alternate"/>
<author>
<name>PandiyaRajan,  R.S.</name>
</author>
<author>
<name>Jyothibabu, R.</name>
</author>
<author>
<name>Arunpandi, N.</name>
</author>
<author>
<name>Biju, A.</name>
</author>
<id>http://drs.nio.org/drs/handle/2264/5098</id>
<updated>2017-03-01T21:30:23Z</updated>
<published>2017-01-01T00:00:00Z</published>
<summary type="text">Description of two new apseudomorphan Tanaidacea (Crustacea: Malacostraca: Peracarida) from the Kochi Backwaters, India
PandiyaRajan,  R.S.; Jyothibabu, R.; Arunpandi, N.; Biju, A.
Two new species of apseudomorphan tanaidaceans, Pagurapseudopsis kochindica and Ctenapseudes indiana are described as new to science. Specimens used in this study are based on an extensive sampling (79 locations) in the Kochi Backwaters during the Southwest Monsoon and Post-Southwest Monsoon periods. A total of 109 individuals of P. kochindica and 180 individuals of C. indiana were examined. P. kochindica and C. indiana are distinguished from all the known species of their respective congeners by the structure and shape of chelipeds
</summary>
<dc:date>2017-01-01T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>Autotrophic potential in mesophilic heterotrophic bacterial isolates from Sino-Pacific marine sediments</title>
<link href="http://drs.nio.org/drs/handle/2264/5096" rel="alternate"/>
<author>
<name>Cao, W.</name>
</author>
<author>
<name>Das, A.</name>
</author>
<author>
<name>Saren, G.</name>
</author>
<author>
<name>Jiang, M.</name>
</author>
<author>
<name>Zhang, H.</name>
</author>
<author>
<name>Yu, X.</name>
</author>
<id>http://drs.nio.org/drs/handle/2264/5096</id>
<updated>2017-03-01T21:30:40Z</updated>
<published>2017-01-01T00:00:00Z</published>
<summary type="text">Autotrophic potential in mesophilic heterotrophic bacterial isolates from Sino-Pacific marine sediments
Cao, W.; Das, A.; Saren, G.; Jiang, M.; Zhang, H.; Yu, X.
Microbial carbon fixation is a paramount process in the ocean especially below the photic zone both in water and sedimentary ecosystems. Autotrophic microbes that fix carbon dioxide are renowned. However, the question whether heterotrophs can also fix carbon is intriguing. Ten heterotrophically grown, identified bacterial isolates from the Sino-Pacific marine sediments were tested for autotrophic uptake potential with and without addition of electron donors. Nine of the ten isolates showed carbon uptake capacity without addition of any substrate at very low rates in the order of 10–8 to 10–4 fmol/(cell·h). The addition of manganese and ammonium at 1 mmol/L final concentration enhanced the uptake potential. Addition of 1 mmol/L final concentrations of reduced iron (10–6 to 10–5 fmol/(cell·h) and sulfide (10–5 fmol/(cell·h) decreased the uptake potential significantly at p&lt;0.1. Bacterial tolerance to formaldehyde suggested propensities of anaplerotic chemical reactions that form metabolic intermediates of C-1 metabolism pathways. The isolates displayed high metabolic flexibility. With the changes in electron donors, the isolates metabolically toggled between relatively anoxic reductive iron/sulfur cycles and the oxidative cycles of manganese/ammonium and vice-versa. This property makes these microbes successful survivors in the highly dynamic Sino-Pacific sediments
</summary>
<dc:date>2017-01-01T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
</entry>
</feed>
