<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/" xmlns:taxo="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/taxonomy/" xmlns:sy="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/syndication/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/">
  <channel>
    <title>DRS Collection: Engineering &amp; Instrumentation</title>
    <link>http://drs.nio.org/drs/handle/2264/4</link>
    <description />
    <items>
      <rdf:Seq>
        <rdf:li resource="http://drs.nio.org/drs/handle/2264/1456" />
        <rdf:li resource="http://drs.nio.org/drs/handle/2264/1452" />
        <rdf:li resource="http://drs.nio.org/drs/handle/2264/1337" />
        <rdf:li resource="http://drs.nio.org/drs/handle/2264/1332" />
      </rdf:Seq>
    </items>
  </channel>
  <image>
    <title>The Channel Image</title>
    <url>http://drs.nio.org/drs/retrieve/16</url>
    <link>http://drs.nio.org/drs/handle/2264/4</link>
  </image>
  <textInput>
    <title>The Collection's search engine</title>
    <description>Search the Channel</description>
    <name>search</name>
    <link>http://drs.nio.org/drs/simple-search</link>
  </textInput>
  <item rdf:about="http://drs.nio.org/drs/handle/2264/1456">
    <title>Morphological changes at Vellar estuary, India - Impact of the December 2004 tsunami</title>
    <link>http://drs.nio.org/drs/handle/2264/1456</link>
    <description>Title: Morphological changes at Vellar estuary, India - Impact of the December 2004 tsunami
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;Authors: Pari, Y.; Murthy, M.V.R.; Jayakumar, S.; Subramanian, B.R.; Ramachandran, S.
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;Abstract: Coastal subsystems formed by interaction of various processes, impacted by natural hazards like tsunami and storms, pose irreversible morphological changes. Vellar estuary, located on the southeast coast of India, with huge sand dunes (of 3-6m height and spread to 560 ha) and barrier islands, has undergone extensive morphological changes due to the giant Indian Ocean tsunami that occurred on 26 th December 2004. The damage caused by the tsunami has been quantified using extensive field data collected during pre and post-tsunami periods through Real Time Kinematic GPS (for mapping coastal features and beach profiles) and Geographic Information System (GIS) couple. The tsunami with a wave height as high as 4m not only inundated the entire coastal land up to a maximum of 2 km but also eroded the sand dunes and deposited the eroded material at the inlet, which ultimately formed as a vast tidal flat spread over 31 ha. The estuary has suffered immensely due to the tsunami especially in terms of (1) loss of natural protection barriers (sand dunes), which made this coastal area more vulnerable to storm attack, and (2) shallowness of inlet creating hindrance to navigation of fishing vessels. Based on the observations made at Vellar coast and past recovery experiences of tsunami/hurricanes elsewhere in the world, we contend that the morphological loss might take at least two annual cycles to regain its original form and the rebuilding of sand dunes may even take a decade.&#xD;
Copyright [2006]. It is tried to respect the rights of the copyright holders to the best of the knowledge. If it is brought to our notice by copyright holder that the rights are voilated then the item would be withdrawn.</description>
  </item>
  <item rdf:about="http://drs.nio.org/drs/handle/2264/1452">
    <title>Post-tsunami changes in the littoral environment along the southeast coast of India</title>
    <link>http://drs.nio.org/drs/handle/2264/1452</link>
    <description>Title: Post-tsunami changes in the littoral environment along the southeast coast of India
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;Authors: Jayakumar, S.; Naik, K.A.; Ramanamurthy, M.V.; Ilangovan, D.; Gowthaman, R.; Jena, B.K.
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;Abstract: The 26th December 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami devastated coastal regions of the Indian subcontinent. Andaman and Nicobar Islands,&#xD;
coastal stretches of Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Kerala were the most affected regions of India. Changes in the beach profiles, long shore currents, breaking wave characteristics in the surf zone at selected locations along the Tamil Nadu coast were studied during January, April, October 2005 and January 2006. Long shore sediment transport rates were estimated from the observed parameters. Studies were carried out earlier (1995–1996 and 1998) to understand the coastal environment over a one-year cycle in the study region. The post-tsunami observations were compared with the earlier studies to establish the variations in the littoral environment and to&#xD;
ascertain the normalcy of the littoral environment in the post-tsunami scenario. From the changes in the beach profiles, the shoreline was observed to recede by about 20m and built-up of backshore by about 0.5m at most locations. Observations from the field investigations and comparisons with earlier studies along this stretch of the coastline indicate that the coastline is yet to return completely to normalcy.</description>
  </item>
  <item rdf:about="http://drs.nio.org/drs/handle/2264/1337">
    <title>Progress in the technology of nautical charting</title>
    <link>http://drs.nio.org/drs/handle/2264/1337</link>
    <description>Title: Progress in the technology of nautical charting
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;Authors: Joseph, A.
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;Abstract: This article describes the various methodologies used from time to time for portraying the geographical details of the earth's surface pertaining to the seas, coastal areas, and features of the seabed for general marine applications. For a long time the geographical information pertaining to the sea and the coastal water bodies was recorded on paper chart, on a miniature scale, for ready use by the mariners for marine navigational applications, and therefore the chart came to be known as "nautical chart". The article skims through the various aspects of safety of navigation such as nautical charts created by the Arabs in the medieval days of stellar navigation in the Indian Ocean; the contributions by the Chinese, the British, and the Portuguese; hydrographic surveying; chart projection schemes; the role of radio and satellite-based position-fixing systems; the technology of the modern electronic nautical charts; and applications of computers in modern navigation. The article also peeps into possible future developments in electronic nautical charting.</description>
  </item>
  <item rdf:about="http://drs.nio.org/drs/handle/2264/1332">
    <title>Hindcasting cyclonic waves using neural networks</title>
    <link>http://drs.nio.org/drs/handle/2264/1332</link>
    <description>Title: Hindcasting cyclonic waves using neural networks
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;Authors: Mandal, S.; Rao, S.; Chakravarty, N.V.
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;Abstract: Cyclone generated waves play a significant role in the design of coastal and offshore structures. Instead of conventional numerical models, neural network approach is used in the present study to estimate the wave parameters from cyclone generated wind fields. Eleven cyclones, which crossed the southern east coast of India between 1962 to 1979 are considered for analysis in this paper. The parametric hurricane wave prediction model by Young (1988) is used for hindcasting the wave heights and periods. Estimation of wave heights and periods is carried out using backpropagation neural network with three updated algorithms, namely Rprop, Quickprop and superSAB. In neural network the difference between central and peripheral pressure, radius of maximum wind and speed of forward motion of cyclone are given as input nodes and the wave heights and periods are output nodes. The estimated values using neural networks match well with those estimated using Young's model and a highest correlation is obtained (0.99).</description>
  </item>
</rdf:RDF>

