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    <title>DRS Collection: Interdisciplinary Oceanography</title>
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    <title>The Channel Image</title>
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  <item rdf:about="http://drs.nio.org/drs/handle/2264/1472">
    <title>Biogeochemistry of the surficial sediments of the western and eastern continental shelves of India</title>
    <link>http://drs.nio.org/drs/handle/2264/1472</link>
    <description>Title: Biogeochemistry of the surficial sediments of the western and eastern continental shelves of India
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;Authors: Jacob, J.; Chandramohanakumar, N.; Jayaraj, K.A.; Raveendran, T.V.; Balachandran, K.K.; Joseph, T.; Nair, M.; Achuthankutty, C.T.; Nair, K.K.C.; George, R.; Ravi, Z.P.
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;Abstract: Even though continental margins cover only about 7-9 % of the world ocean area, they are important sites for organic carbon accumulation and hence play a major role in biogeochemical carbon cycling. Surface sediments from the western and eastern continental shelves of India were studied for their total organic matter content and the labile constituents such as total carbohydrates and proteins to get a better understanding of the hydrological and biogeochemical differences of the two regions on the nature of organic matter reaching the surface sediments. The sampling along the west coast was done during September-October 2003, when upwelling signatures were found to be still persisting along the shelf as evidenced by the low-oxygenated, nutrient-rich surface waters. The eastern shelf was sampled during November-December 2002. The shelf was found to be oxygen saturated and oligotrophic during the season. The surface sediments of the west coast contained a greater quantity of total organic matter when compared to the east coast, but the percentages of labile constituents of total organic matter in the sediments were found to be higher in the east coast by a factor of three as compared to the west coast. The differences in the productivity patterns and the hydrographical conditions were found to exert a major influence on the quantity and composition of organic matter in the surface sediments of the western and eastern continental shelves of India</description>
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  <item rdf:about="http://drs.nio.org/drs/handle/2264/1471">
    <title>Antibacterial activity of synthesized 2,4,5-trisubstituted imidazole derivatives</title>
    <link>http://drs.nio.org/drs/handle/2264/1471</link>
    <description>Title: Antibacterial activity of synthesized 2,4,5-trisubstituted imidazole derivatives
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;Authors: Khan, M.S.; Siddiqui, S.A.; Siddiqui, M.S.R.A.; Goswami, U.; Srinivasan, K.V.; Khan, M.I.
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;Abstract: Some novel chemically synthesized 2,4,5-trisubstituted imidazoles from aryl aldehydes and 1,2-diketones or a-hydroxyketone were screened against eight different human pathogenic bacteria and fungi. Seven compounds were found to be active against different bacteria. These compounds showed variation in activity and were found to be active against Gram-positive as well as Gram-negative bacteria. Compound 4-(4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-phenol, 3d was the only compound which showed activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae while rest of the compounds did not show significant activity against this micro-organism. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of the compounds were in the range of 0.50 to 6.1 mu g/mL and minimum bactericidal concentration ranges from 1.11 to 12.9 mu g/mL. The candidature of active compounds to be an effective and novel drug was examined based on Lipinski's rule of Five which explained ClogP, LogS, H-bond acceptors, H-Bond donors and rotational bonds. Compounds 3aûd and 3f satisfies Lipinski's rule of Five and could be proposed as potent new antibacterial drugs</description>
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  <item rdf:about="http://drs.nio.org/drs/handle/2264/1469">
    <title>Laccase treatment of recycled blue dyed paper: Physical properties and fiber charge</title>
    <link>http://drs.nio.org/drs/handle/2264/1469</link>
    <description>Title: Laccase treatment of recycled blue dyed paper: Physical properties and fiber charge
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;Authors: Mohandass, C.; Knutson, K.; Ragauskas, A.J.
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;Abstract: Recycled blue colored paper was treated with laccase under various combinations of physical and chemical parameters including enzyme concentration, temperature, oxygen, and reaction time. Laccase treatment of recycled dyed pulp increased acid group content, tear index, tensile index, and color removal in a dose-dependent manner. Lengthening the treatment time from 2 to 4 h was beneficial to acid group content (12% increase), dye removal, and tensile index but had a detrimental 8% decrease on the tear index. A higher reaction temperature (65 vs. 45 degrees C) had a beneficial effect on acid group content (+31%), and tensile index (+26%) and a slightly negative effect on tear index (-5%), but significantly reduced the ability of laccase to remove color. Comparison of reactions subjected to different levels of oxygen supplementation showed the greatest beneficial effect for laccase treatment with slow oxygen bubbling. The experimental results indicate that laccase treatment increases fiber carboxylic acid content and tensile strength, in addition to reducing the color of the enzyme treated paper.</description>
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  <item rdf:about="http://drs.nio.org/drs/handle/2264/1465">
    <title>Formation of algal bloom in the northern Arabian Sea deep waters during January-March: A study using pooled in situ and satellite data</title>
    <link>http://drs.nio.org/drs/handle/2264/1465</link>
    <description>Title: Formation of algal bloom in the northern Arabian Sea deep waters during January-March: A study using pooled in situ and satellite data
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;Authors: Dwivedi, R.M.; Raman, M.; Babu, K.N.; Singh, S.K.; Vyas, N.K.; Matondkar, S.G.P.
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;Abstract: The formation of winter bloom (January-March) was studied in deep waters of the northeastern Arabian Sea (NAS) during 2003 and 2004. Six ship cruises were undertaken at different phases of the bloom to examine its formation. Along with physical and biological observations, optical parameters including profiles of upwelling and downwelling irradiance were collected using a Satlantic underwater radiometer and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) was calculated using prosoft software. Satellite data sets for chlorophyll concentration, aerosol optical depth (AOD), PAR from the Oceansat-I Ocean Colour Monitor (OCM), and sea winds vectors from the QuikSCAT scatterometer were also used to study the winter algal bloom formation. This study attempts to explain the probable mechanisms that activate the bloom and its dynamics, particularly those due to the influence of wind. The study also presents an intercomparison of relevant parameters during different phases of the event, from the late winter to early spring intermonsoon season. The causes of winter bloom reported by other investigators have been verified with the use of satellite data. An additional observation was attempted that strengthened the explanation of convective mixing and resulting intensification of the bloom. The higher wind speed in February-March 2003 compared to that in 2004 caused a higher aerosol concentration in the overlying atmosphere, thus leading to reduced shortwave solar radiation and PAR over the surface in 2003. This caused a cooling effect in the NAS deep waters. This cooling is thought to be supplementary to the already reported winter cooling, and to cooling due to evaporation. As a result, a substantial increase in surface seawater density was observed, consequently enhancing convective action due to densification and nutrient concentration. The result is that the bloom was homogeneous in space and had a larger concentration during March 2003 than March 2004.</description>
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