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<title>Marine Archaeology</title>
<link>http://drs.nio.org/drs/handle/2264/7</link>
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<pubDate>Sun, 09 Jul 2017 18:07:39 GMT</pubDate>
<dc:date>2017-07-09T18:07:39Z</dc:date>
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<title>Marine Archaeology</title>
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<title>Ancient Indians (Harappan settlement) were aware of tsunami/storm protection measures: A new interpretation of thick walls at Dholavira, Gujarat, India</title>
<link>http://drs.nio.org/drs/handle/2264/5108</link>
<description>Ancient Indians (Harappan settlement) were aware of tsunami/storm protection measures: A new interpretation of thick walls at Dholavira, Gujarat, India
Nigam, R.; Dubey, R.; Saraswat, R.; Sundaresh; Gaur, A.S.; Loveson, V.J.
Dholavira, an archaeological site of Harappan times in Gujarat, had ‘city fortification’ as a unique aspect of its town planning. The thickness of the main city wall is alarming3, 9, 10. The probable cause of such massive outer protective wall is yet unaddressed. On the basis of (a) location of Dholavira, (b) lack of conspicuous proto-historic military evidences, and (c) the climatic scenario during mid-Holocene, we suggest that the walls must have acted as a defense against sea storms/tsunami waves. Dholavirans were probably aware of the magnitude of destruction caused by tsunami waves/storms, henceforth, had come up with protective measure as defense wall. Similar sea walls/ breakers/dikes built as protection against sea storms/tsunami can be found in several coastal cities, even today.
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<pubDate>Fri, 01 Jan 2016 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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<dc:date>2016-01-01T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
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<title>Role of teak and other hardwoods in shipbuilding as evidenced from literature and shipwrecks</title>
<link>http://drs.nio.org/drs/handle/2264/5041</link>
<description>Role of teak and other hardwoods in shipbuilding as evidenced from literature and shipwrecks
Tripati, S.; Shukla, S.R.; Shashikala, S.; Sardar, A.A.
One of the greatest achievements of man is the invention of watercraft which has been used from the prehistoric period onwards. Over the centuries, varieties of watercraft were designed and developed. Timber was the main component required for construction of boats and ships since ancient times until it was replaced by iron or steel. Once the size and carrying capacity of vessels was enhanced and overseas trade became more frequent, superior quality of timber was used for building boats and ships which were seaworthy. Probably, the Ashtadhyayi of Panini (5th century BC) is the oldest Indian literary work mentioning the use of a variety of timbers. Timber species such as teak (Tectona grandis), sal (Shorea robusta), sissoo (Dalbergia sissoo), benteak (Lagestroemia microcarpa), etc. were used in shipbuilding. Among these, teakwood has been termed as most valued on account of its noble qualities, specifically, long-term durability, higher strength and stiffness and absence of development of cracks and splits in the products. Most of the Indian literature as well as travellers have mentioned about the worthiness of teak, but there are no studies to corroborate the accounts. In a later period, the Europeans understood the superiority of teakwood which resulted in slow replacement of traditionally used oak and pine by teak in shipbuilding. The European rulers imposed several restrictions and permissions were not granted for the use of teak by the natives; while on the contrary, the Europeans mostly built their ships from teakwood. This has been confirmed from shipwrecks found around the world. Abundant references are found in literature on the use of teakwood in shipbuilding. There are not many studies related to use of teak in shipbuilding to confirm the statements made in literature, nor timber samples collected from many shipwrecks and archaeological sites analysed. Most of the references to teakwood available in literature as well as wrecks of teakwood-built ships explored so far are referred to in this note
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<pubDate>Fri, 01 Jan 2016 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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<dc:date>2016-01-01T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
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<title>A maritime archaeological exploration along the Narmada estuary, west coast of India</title>
<link>http://drs.nio.org/drs/handle/2264/5037</link>
<description>A maritime archaeological exploration along the Narmada estuary, west coast of India
Gaur, A.S.; Sundaresh
A coastal exploration along the estuary of the River Narmada yielded the evidence of a port in Bharuch. Several early historic sites are noted along the down-stream of the River Narmada. Interestingly, there is a temple dedicated to Shikotara Mata near Dahej where navigators and fishermen worship. To the south of Narmada a protohistoric site, Bhagatra (also called Bhagatrav), situated on a small creek known as Kim, was investigated in detail. The paper discusses the findings of the maritime archaeological investigations conducted (2013) along the lower Narmada region
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<pubDate>Fri, 01 Jan 2016 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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<dc:date>2016-01-01T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
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<title>Exploration of shipwreck off Konark coast, Odisha- A preliminary study</title>
<link>http://drs.nio.org/drs/handle/2264/5015</link>
<description>Exploration of shipwreck off Konark coast, Odisha- A preliminary study
Tripati, S.; Bux, S.; Behera, R.P.
Archaeological findings suggest that ports of Odisha were well connected with other ports of the Indian subcontinent and Persian Gulf, Red Sea and Southeast Asian countries. In the course of maritime trade, many vessels get wrecked due to various causes, but information on shipwrecks was available only from the 16th century onwards in the archives and libraries of India and overseas. CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Goa, has undertaken shipwreck studies in Indian waters since 1988-89. In the recent past preliminary explorations of shipwrecks were carried out off the coast of Odisha. This paper deals with the results of the preliminary exploration of a shipwreck off the coast of Konark
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<pubDate>Fri, 01 Jan 2016 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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<dc:date>2016-01-01T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
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