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<title>Materials Sciences</title>
<link>http://drs.nio.org/drs/handle/2264/8</link>
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<pubDate>Sun, 09 Jul 2017 18:12:28 GMT</pubDate>
<dc:date>2017-07-09T18:12:28Z</dc:date>
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<title>Materials Sciences</title>
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<link>http://drs.nio.org/drs/handle/2264/8</link>
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<title>Efficiency of copper and cupronickel substratum to resist development of diatom biofilms</title>
<link>http://drs.nio.org/drs/handle/2264/4852</link>
<description>Efficiency of copper and cupronickel substratum to resist development of diatom biofilms
Patil, J.S.; Anil, A.C.
This study on the population dynamics of fouling diatoms from a biofouling rich monsoon influenced tropical bay revealed that irrespective of the season and exposure period, the highest diatom abundance and species were encountered on non-toxic (fiberglass &gt; glass) compared to toxic (copper–Cu and cupro-nickel–Cu-Ni) substrata. Though the diatom recruitment on toxic substrata is noticed within 24 h, the multiplication of the settled diatoms was not significant, even with an increase in the exposure period (days to weeks). The diatoms recorded on toxic substrata are the result of fresh recruitment. Results indicated that the potential of Cu and Cu–Ni panels to resist diatom fouling are the same. The dominance of raphid-pennate diatoms (Navicula, Amphora, Nitzschia and Thalassionema) throughout the year indicated them as ideal candidates for antifouling studies. The negligible contribution of araphid-pennate diatoms (Licmophora and Grammatophora) and the influence of tycho-pelagic/bloom forming diatoms (Fragillariopsis and Skeletonema) on fouling community are the other noteworthy observations. Concern with the adverse impact of Cu pollution on the ecosystem this study recommends the incorporation of Cu alloy (Cu–Ni) in the marine structures to combat biofouling as Cu–Ni has a slower leaching rate of the toxic product such as Cu&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O.
</description>
<pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2015 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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<dc:date>2015-01-01T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
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<item>
<title>Effect of biofilm on fluorescence measurements derived from fast repetition rate fluorometers</title>
<link>http://drs.nio.org/drs/handle/2264/4793</link>
<description>Effect of biofilm on fluorescence measurements derived from fast repetition rate fluorometers
Patil, J.S.; Saino, T.
This study evaluates, for the first time, the influence of biofilms on single and double optical window (SOW and DOW, respectively) fast repetition rate fluorometer (FRRF) measurements of microalgal photosystem-II initial fluorescence (F&lt;sub&gt;0&lt;/sub&gt;), maximum fluorescence (F&lt;sub&gt;m&lt;/sub&gt;), variable fluorescence (F&lt;sub&gt;v&lt;/sub&gt;= F&lt;sub&gt;m&lt;/sub&gt; – F&lt;sub&gt;0&lt;/sub&gt;), quantum yield(F&lt;sub&gt;v&lt;/sub&gt;/F&lt;sub&gt;m&lt;/sub&gt;) and functional absorption cross section (σPSII)]. Biofilms with chlorophyll &gt; 0.1 μg cm&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; and &gt; 0.3 μgcm&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; on SOW and DOW, respectively, produced a substantial increase in fluorescence. However, the relative magnitude of biofouling effects depended on sample chlorophyll concentrations, being more critical at concentrations &lt; 1 mg m&lt;sup&gt;-3&lt;/sup&gt;. In DOW-FRRF, biofilms affected F&lt;sub&gt;0&lt;/sub&gt; (increased) and F&lt;sub&gt;v&lt;/sub&gt;/F&lt;sub&gt;m&lt;/sub&gt;) (decreased) but not F&lt;sub&gt;v&lt;/sub&gt; and σPSII, whereas in SOW-FRRF, biofilms increased fluorescence and showed a variable effect on F&lt;sub&gt;v&lt;/sub&gt; F&lt;sub&gt;m&lt;/sub&gt; and σPSII, because only biofilms on SOW attained actual F&lt;sub&gt;m&lt;/sub&gt;. As a result, the biofilm effect was substantial on SOW-FRRF measurements. On the other hand, the neutral-density filters (representing non-chlorophyll containing biofilms) with different transmission levels reduced the fluorescence signal. Correction procedures for the above photosystem-II parameters are proposed here.
</description>
<pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2015 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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<dc:date>2015-01-01T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
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<item>
<title>Dielectric properties: A gateway to antibacterial assay-A case study of low-density polyethylene/chitosan composite films.</title>
<link>http://drs.nio.org/drs/handle/2264/4562</link>
<description>Dielectric properties: A gateway to antibacterial assay-A case study of low-density polyethylene/chitosan composite films.
Sunilkumar, M.; Gafoor, A.A.; Anas, A.; Haseena, A.P.; Sujith, A.
The dielectric properties of low-density polyethylene–chitosan composite films were correlated with their antibacterial properties in this work. Films were designed on the molecular level using palm oil as a plasticizer in an internal mixer. Maleic anhydride and dicumyl peroxide were used as a coupling agent and a free radical initiator, respectively. The dielectric properties of the composite films were studied as a function of chitosan loading, presence of plasticizer and variable applied frequency. The dielectric constant of the samples was positively correlated with the amount of chitosan in the polythene matrix. The antibacterial properties of the composite films were also studied. A distinct inhibitory zone against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus developed, and this zone increased in diameter with chitosan loading. The low-molecular-weight chitosan-based polyethylene films showed significant improvement in dielectric and antibacterial properties when compared with the native chitosan-based films. These studies show that the antibacterial properties of the developed films were complementary with their dielectric properties. This study suggests the possibility of using the dielectric properties of composites as a measure of their antibacterial properties.
</description>
<pubDate>Wed, 01 Jan 2014 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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<dc:date>2014-01-01T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
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<title>Sunlight-enhanced calcareous deposition on cathodic stainless steel in natural seawater</title>
<link>http://drs.nio.org/drs/handle/2264/4313</link>
<description>Sunlight-enhanced calcareous deposition on cathodic stainless steel in natural seawater
Eashwar, M.; SathishKumar, P.; Ravishankar, R.; Subramanian, G.
In replicate series of experiments in natural seawater, one in full darkness and the other in a 1:1 diurnal cycle with as little as 5 percent of natural solar illumination, sunlight promoted calcareous deposition on cathodic stainless steel surfaces. As exemplified by scanning electron microscopy, the deposit that formed under the natural diurnal cycle, in the presence of photosynthetic biofilms, was composed of finer calcareous crystals that provided more compact and more uniform surface coverage than the one formed in the dark. The light-enhanced deposit also possessed better scale properties, as suggested by X-ray analysis and electrochemical measurements. Sunlight enhancement of calcareous deposition looked all the more conspicuous when day and night regimes were examined independently. These results not only bear important implications for cathodic protection in marine waters, but also provide an intriguing analogy to coral reef calcification.
</description>
<pubDate>Tue, 01 Jan 2013 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
<guid isPermaLink="false">http://drs.nio.org/drs/handle/2264/4313</guid>
<dc:date>2013-01-01T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
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