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    <title>DRS at National Institute Of Oceanography</title>
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      <title>Validation of argo data in the Indian Ocean</title>
      <link>http://drs.nio.org/drs/handle/2264/1195</link>
      <description>Title: Validation of argo data in the Indian Ocean
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;Authors: Pankajakshan, T.; Muraleedharan, P.M.; Gopalakrishna, V.V.; Reddy, G.V.; Ratnakaran, L.; Revichandran, C.; Murty, V.S.N.
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;Abstract: ARGO-salinity data from the Indian Ocean are validated using salinity from float-versus-float match-ups and also using CTD observations from three cruises. Validation data sets are selected in such a way that the float and the match-up data are collocated with tolerable space-time difference. For validation a time difference of less than 10 days and space difference less than 100 Km have been considered. The evaluation is done using salinity data on theta (potential temperature) surfaces from deeper observations. One of the significant observation of float-versus-float validation is the large random error observed in the initial profiles of the float-salinity compared to later profiles. While the float salinity data is found to be largely in good agreement with the ship based CTD observations, there are cases where the salinity error exceeds the desired 0.01 PSU</description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 29 Oct 2003 22:58:59 GMT</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Extreme sea level variability along the coast of India. Vol. 1-2</title>
      <link>http://drs.nio.org/drs/handle/2264/1191</link>
      <description>Title: Extreme sea level variability along the coast of India. Vol. 1-2
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;Authors: Unnikrishnan, A.S.; Shetye, S.R.; Shankar, D.; Sundar, D.; Michael, G.S.; Fernandes, S.E.; Telang, M.
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;Abstract: Hourly tide gauge data of 15 years duration were used to estimate the return periods of extreme sea level events (storm surges) along the Indian coasts. The impacts of cyclones and storm surges in the coastal regions of the Indian coasts during the past 50 years are documented as a data base. Mean sea level rise along the Indian coast is estimated for selected stations. Results of regional climate model (HadRM2) are analysed for future climate to determine the frequency distribution of cyclones in the north Indian Ocean during a control scenario and a scenario with doubled concentration of green house gases. A storm surge model was developed for the Bay of Bengal and simulations were made using HadRM2 winds.</description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 29 Oct 2003 22:58:59 GMT</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Simulating the discharge of the Mandovi River, Goa</title>
      <link>http://drs.nio.org/drs/handle/2264/1192</link>
      <description>Title: Simulating the discharge of the Mandovi River, Goa
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;Authors: SupritKumar; Shankar, D.
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;Abstract: Simulation studies are carried out to estimate the discharge of the Mandovi River, Goa. The Mandovi River catchment area includes the slopes of the Sahyadris, where estimates of precipitation are not available. A multivariate interpolation scheme with elevation as the third variable is used to interpolate the precipitation from available rain gauges. The scheme is applied separately for the windward and leeward sides, and the resulting precipitation fields are merged. The scheme captures the sharp increase in precipitation on the windward slopes, and the decline on the leewrd side. Both peak and annual discharges compre well with the observations during 1979-1983.</description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 29 Oct 2003 22:58:59 GMT</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A new technique for the estimation of sea surface salinity in the tropical Indian Ocean from OLR</title>
      <link>http://drs.nio.org/drs/handle/2264/1193</link>
      <description>Title: A new technique for the estimation of sea surface salinity in the tropical Indian Ocean from OLR
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;Authors: Murty, V.S.N.; Subrahmanyam, B.; Tilvi, V.; O'Brien, J.J.
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;Abstract: Algorithms are developed for the estimation of sea surface salinity (SSS) in the tropical Indian Ocean from the space-borne satellite measurements of outgoing longwave radiation (OLR). The algorithms are based on the interrelationships between OLR, the effective oceanic layer (EOL), climatological SSS (World Ocean Atlas 1998 (WOA98)), and freshwater flux (P-E). Coupling between the atmospheric convection (OLR) and the geopotential thickness of the oceanic near-surface stratified layer (EOL) forms the main relationship for the estimation of SSS, followed by the relationships between EOL and WOA98 SSS and between OLR and P-E. The SSS has been estimated using 16 years (1979-1994) of OLR data and the algorithms for the tropical Indian Ocean. The estimated SSS at 2.5 degrees x 2.5 degrees grid on monthly scale is nearer to the WOA98 SSS with lower differences within plus or minus 0.5-0.8 away from the coastal region. The estimated SSS also agreesreasonably with the observed SSS along the trans-Indian zonal sections occupied during World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) and also other sections. The SSS differences bring out clearly the impact of the strong 1997-1998 El Nino on the rainfall in the southeastern Indian Ocean and the eastern equatorial region. On the basis of the results, the seasonal and interannual variability of SSS in the tropical Indian Ocean are discussed. Through a physical model, phase lags between P-E and SSS and between OLR and P-E are estimated and their incorporation into the algorithms is suggested for improvement in the estimation of SSS. This SSS information is useful to the studies on coupled models, El Nino-Southern Oscillation forecast models, and Ocean Global Circulation Models or regional scale circulation models.</description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 29 Oct 2003 22:58:59 GMT</pubDate>
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