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    The aquaculture supply chain in the time of covid-19 pandemic: Vulnerability, resilience, solutions and priorities at the global scale

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    Date
    2022
    Author
    Mangano, M.C.
    Berlino, M.
    Corbari, L.
    Milisenda, G.
    Lucchese, M.
    Terzo, S.
    Bosch-Belmar, M.
    Azaza, M.S.
    Babarro, J.M.F.
    Bakiu, R.
    Broitman, B.R.
    Buschmann, A.H.
    Christofoletti, R.
    Dong, Y.
    Glamuzina, B.
    Luthman, O.
    Makridis, P.
    Nogueira, A.J.A.
    Palomo, M.G.
    Dineshram, R.
    Sanchez-Jerez, P.
    Sevgili, H.
    Troell, M.
    AbouelFadl, K.Y.
    Azra, M.N.
    Britz, P.
    Carrington, E.
    Celi?, I.
    Choi, F.
    Qin, C.
    Dionisio, M.A.
    Dobroslavic, T.
    Galli, P.
    Giannetto, D.
    Grabowski, J.H.
    Helmuth, B.
    Lebata-Ramos, M.J.H.
    Lim, P.T.
    Liu, Y.
    Llorens, S.M.
    Mirto, S.
    Pecarevic, M.
    Pita, C.
    Ragg, N.
    Ravagnan, E.
    Saidi, D.
    Schultz, K.
    Shaltout, M.
    Tan, S.H.
    Thiyagarajan, V.
    Sara, G.
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    Abstract
    The COVID-19 global pandemic has had severe, unpredictable and synchronous impacts on all levels of perishable food supply chains (PFSC), across multiple sectors and spatial scales. Aquaculture plays a vital and rapidly expanding role in food security, in some cases overtaking wild caught fisheries in the production of high-quality animal protein in this PFSC. We performed a rapid global assessment to evaluate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and related emerging control measures on the aquaculture supply chain. Socio-economic effects of the pandemic were analysed by surveying the perceptions of stakeholders, who were asked to describe potential supply-side disruption, vulnerabilities and resilience patterns along the production pipeline with four main supply chain components: a) hatchery, b) production/processing, c) distribution/logistics and d) market. We also assessed different farming strategies, comparing land- vs. sea-based systems; extensive vs. intensive methods; and with and without integrated multi-trophic aquaculture, IMTA. In addition to evaluating levels and sources of economic distress, interviewees were asked to identify mitigation solutions adopted at local / internal (i.e., farm-site) scales, and to express their preference on national / external scale mitigation measures among a set of a priori options. Survey responses identified the potential causes of disruption, ripple effects, sources of food insecurity, and socio-economic conflicts. They also pointed to various levels of mitigation strategies. The collated evidence represents a first baseline useful to address future disaster-driven responses, to reinforce the resilience of the sector and to facilitate the design reconstruction plans and mitigation measures, such as financial aid strategies.
    URI
    https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ENVSCI.2021.10.014
    https://drs.nio.org/drs/handle/2264/8810
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